The number of slash bundlers and the volume of slash bundling have been rapidly increasing during the last few years in Finland. However, no comprehensive time or follow-up studies have been carried out on slash bundling technology in Finland or in any other country. Metsäteho Oy carried out studies on the productivity and costs of slash bundling in different Nordic recovering conditions. The study methods included both time and follow-up studies. Data were collected during the summer and winter period primarily in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) dominated clear cutting sites. The bundling techniques performed by different types of bundler (Fiberpac 370, Timberjack 1490D, Pika RS 2000, Valmet WoodPac) were studied.
The average productivity of slash bundling was 18.1 bundles per operating (E15, including delays shorter than 15 min) hour with the Timberjack 1490D and Fiberpac 370 bundlers in the follow-up study. The operator of the slash bundler had the greatest effect on the productivity of bundling. The prerequisite for increased bundling volumes is a reduction in the costs of the most expensive sub-stage of the bundling supply chain, i.e. bundling itself. This requires improved recovery conditions at bundling sites, increased bundling productivity, larger sized bundles, and the execution of bundling operations in two work shifts using an efficient bundler and effective operator working methods. Implementation of these development measures will bring the bundling supply chain up to a speed that makes it the most competitive supply chain for forest chips in terms of total supply costs for long-distance transportation distances of more than 60 km. 相似文献
This study aims to examine the morphology and mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and compressive) of epoxy composites reinforced with epoxy date palm leaves (EDPL), epoxy date palm branch (EDPB), and epoxy/hardener date palm core shell (EDPC) fibers (particle size <1 μm depend on the date palm fibers). A three-step technique was used to obtain the composites. The EDPL composites showed a maximum tensile strength of 3.45 MPa, while the EDPB composites showed maximum compressive and flexural rigidity of 9.46 and 5.55 MPa, respectively, owing to the good compatibility of fiber-matrix bonding. In this work, epoxy composites reinforced with date palm fibers (DPF) leaves, branches, and core shell were recycled using a cost-effective and easily reproducible three-step technique. EDPC fibers fabricated with 64.65% weight carbon fibers content demonstrated improved tensile strengths and stiffness properties. The three samples of palm date composites revealed mechanical properties that could be used to trial these fibers for manufacturing purposes, and to exploit their extraordinary mechanical properties shown in current results. 相似文献
Molecular spectroscopy has been widely used to identify pesticides. The main limitation of this approach is the difficulty of identifying pesticides with similar molecular structures. When these pesticide residues are in trace and mixed states in plants, it poses great challenges for practical identification. This study proposed a state-of-the-art method for the rapid identification of trace (10 mg·L−1) and multiple similar benzimidazole pesticide residues on the surface of Toona sinensis leaves, mainly including benzoyl (BNL), carbendazim (BCM), thiabendazole (TBZ), and their mixtures. The new method combines high-throughput terahertz (THz) imaging technology with a deep learning framework. To further improve the model reliability beyond the THz fingerprint peaks (BNL: 0.70, 1.07, 2.20 THz; BCM: 1.16, 1.35, 2.32 THz; TBZ: 0.92, 1.24, 1.66, 1.95, 2.58 THz), we extracted the absorption spectra in frequencies of 0.2–2.2 THz from images as the input to the deep convolution neural network (DCNN). Compared with fuzzy Sammon clustering and four back-propagation neural network (BPNN) models (TrainCGB, TrainCGF, TrainCGP, and TrainRP), DCNN achieved the highest prediction accuracies of 100%, 94.51%, 96.26%, 94.64%, 98.81%, 94.90%, 96.17%, and 96.99% for the control check group, BNL, BCM, TBZ, BNL + BCM, BNL + TBZ, BCM + TBZ, and BNL + BCM + TBZ, respectively. Taking advantage of THz imaging and DCNN, the image visualization of pesticide distribution and residue types on leaves was realized simultaneously. The results demonstrated that THz imaging and deep learning can be potentially adopted for rapid-sensing detection of trace multi-residues on leaf surfaces, which is of great significance for agriculture and food safety. 相似文献
Bacterial communities associated with roots influence the health and nutrition of the host plant. However, the microbiome discrepancy are not well understood under different healthy conditions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and function varies along a degeneration gradient of poplar, with a focus on plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and antibiotic resistance genes. Comprehensive metagenomic analysis including taxonomic investigation, functional detection, and ARG (antibiotics resistance genes) annotation revealed that available potassium (AK) was correlated with microbial diversity and function. We proposed several microbes, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Mesorhizobium, Nocardioides, Variovorax, Gemmatimonadetes, Rhizobacter, Pedosphaera, Candidatus Solibacter, Acidobacterium, and Phenylobacterium, as candidates to reflect the soil fertility and the plant health. The highest abundance of multidrug resistance genes and the four mainly microbial resistance mechanisms (antibiotic efflux, antibiotic target protection, antibiotic target alteration, and antibiotic target replacement) in healthy poplar rhizosphere, corroborated the relationship between soil fertility and microbial activity. This result suggested that healthy rhizosphere soil harbored microbes with a higher capacity and had more complex microbial interaction network to promote plant growing and reduce intracellular levels of antibiotics. Our findings suggested a correlation between the plant degeneration gradient and bacterial communities, and provided insight into the role of high-turnover microbial communities as well as potential PGPB as real-time indicators of forestry soil quality, and demonstrated the inner interaction contributed by the bacterial communities. 相似文献
Crosslinking modification can effectively improve the water resistance of soy protein isolate (SPI) adhesive, but it often depends on petroleum-based reagents, violating the concept of green environmental protection. Here, inspired by the breaking and recombination of the disulfide bond in the perm process, a high-performance wood adhesive is prepared by incorporation of SPI (modified by sodium sulfite to cleave the disulfide bonds of protein chains) and feather keratin (FK, extracted from waste chicken feathers by breaking the disulfide bond) without using any other crosslinkers. The crosslinking reaction occurs by disulfide bonds derived from the sulfhydryl group of FK and SPI. Thus the wet shear strength of the SPI/FK-20 adhesive is improved from 0.57 to 1.18 MPa, an increment of 107%. This study provides a green strategy to prepare high-performance protein-based adhesive from the waste products-chicken feathers, which will contribute to the development of the environmentally friendly wood adhesive industry. 相似文献